Refine your search
Collections
Co-Authors
Journals
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Chandra Sekhar, R.
- Effect of Harvesting at Different Heights on Successive Flowering of Carnation (dianthus Caryophyllus linn)
Abstract Views :280 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem, WEST Godavari A.P., IN
1 College of Horticulture, Dr. Y.S.R. Horticultural University, Venkataramannagudem, WEST Godavari A.P., IN
Source
The Asian Journal of Horticulture, Vol 8, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 729-732Abstract
The present study was under taken in a commercial floriculture farm under protected cultivation with three cultivars of carnation during July 2010 to February 2011. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with factorial concept. Harvesting of carnation flower stalk at 10cm height from the ground level recorded minimum number of days to sprouting of buds than other harvesting heights i.e., at 5, 15 and 20 cm height from the ground level. Days to first flower bud appearance, color break stage and days to harvest were also minimum with harvesting at 10 cm height in cultivars Domingo, Dover and Keiro. And the length of lateral, length of flower stalk and flower, diameter of flower stalk and flower, number of flower stalks per plant, fresh flower weight and vase life was maximum with harvesting 10 cm height than other harvesting heights in cultivar DomingoKeywords
Carnation, Harvesting of Flower Stalk, Heights, Cultivars
- Post Harvest Physiological and Biochemical Changes in Guava (cv. LUCKNOW-49) Fruits Harvested at Two Stages of Maturity during Low Temperature Storage
Abstract Views :849 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Horticultural College and Research Institute, Anantharajupet, Kadapa (A.P.), IN
2 Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (Telangana), IN
1 Horticultural College and Research Institute, Anantharajupet, Kadapa (A.P.), IN
2 Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (Telangana), IN
Source
International Journal of Processing and Post harvest Technology, Vol 6, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 128-143Abstract
The present investigation was carried out at Post Harvest Laboratory, College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad during Nov.-Dec. (2010 and 2011). Skin colour, fruit firmness, pectin content, pectin methyl esterase (PME) activity, respiration and ethylene evolution rates were monitored during cold storage (10±1°C and 90±5% RH) of guavas (cv. LUCKNOW-49) harvested at two stages of maturity, mature green (maximum growth of fruits is attained and skin colour changes from dark green to light green) and colour turning (skin colour turns slightly yellow from light green) treated with naphthalene acetic acid (100 and 200 ppm), gibberellic acid (150 and 300 ppm) and benzyl adenine (25 and 50 ppm). Skin colour (Hunter 'L', 'a' and 'b') increased progressively, while fruit firmness and pectin content decreased consistently with the advancement of storage period. Activity of cell wall degrading enzyme, PME declined gradually till the fruits became ripe, but increased in the over-ripe stage. Likewise, respiration and ethylene production rates also exhibited similar pattern of increase coinciding with ripe stage followed by a decline later. However, the peak in respiration rate was preceded by maximum ethylene production in guava during storage at 10±1°C. Mature green (MG) stage fruits showed promising results in delaying the physiological and biochemical changes compared to colour turning (CT) stage and among the treatments, fruits treated with BA (50 ppm) exhibited longer shelf-life and acceptable fruit quality during cold storage.Keywords
Lucknow-49, Mature Green, Colour Turning, NAA, GA3, BA, PME, CO2 and C2H4References
- Ahmed, M.N. (1998). Studies on the effect of post harvest application of polyamines and antioxidants on the shelflife of mango cv. Baneshan. M.Sc. Thesis, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, A.P. (INDIA).
- Alam, M.S., Hussain, M.M., Ara, M.I., Amanullah, A.S.M. and Mondal, M.F. (2010). Effects of packaging materials and growth regulators on quality and shelf-life of papaya. Bangladesh Res. Publ. J., 3 (3):1052-1061.
- Amerine, M.A., Pangborn, R.M. and Roessler, E.B. (1965). Laboratory studies: Quantity-Quality evaluation. In: Principles of Sensory Evaluation, Academic Press, NY. pp.367-375.
- Asrey, R., Patel, V.B., Singh, S.K. and Sagar, V.K. (2008). Factors affecting fruit maturity and maturity standards A review. J. Food Sci. Technol., 45 (5):381-390.
- Awad, M. and Young, R.E. (1980). Avocado pectinmethy lesterase activity in relation to temperature, ethylene and ripening. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 105 (5):638-641.
- Azzolini, M., Pedro, A.J. and Spot, M.H.F. (2004). Maturation stage and post harvest quality of ‘Pedro Sato’ guavas. Revista Brasileria de Fruitcultura, 26(1):29-31.
- Barua, P.C., Deka, B.C. and Buragohain, J. (2010). Postharvest treatments to improve the shelf-life of tomato fruits at ambient conditions. Indian J. Hort., 67(2):249-254.
- Basulto, F.S., Duch, E.S., Gil, F.E., Plaza, R.D., Saavedra, A.L. and Santamaria, J.M. (2009). Postharvest ripening and maturity indices for maradol papaya. Interciencia, 34 (8):583-588.
- Bhardwaj, R.L., Dashora, L.K. and Mukerjee, S. (2010). Effect of neem leaf extract and benzyladenine on post harvest shelf-life of orange (Citrus reticulata Blanco). J. Adv. Dev. Res., 1(1):32-37.
- Bhardwaj, R.L., Meena, R.R. and Mukerjee, S. (2005). Role of plant growth regulators in guava (Psidium guajava L.) a review. Agric. Rev., 26 (4):281-287.
- Boora, R.S. (2012). Improvement in guava (Psidium guajava L.)–A review. Agric. Rev., 33 (4):341-349.
- Brahmanchari, V.S. and Rani, R. (2005). Shelf-life extension in guava with pre-harvest sprays of certain growth substances and polyethylene wrapping. Haryana J. Hort. Sci., 34 (1-2):36-38.
- Brito, E.S. and Narain, N. (2002). Physical and chemical characteristics of sapota fruit at different stages of maturation. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 37 (4):567-572.
- Bron, I.U. and Jacomino, A.P. (2006). Ripening and quality of ‘Golden’ papaya fruit harvest at different maturity stages. Brazilian J. Plant Physiol., 18 (3):389-396.
- Bron, I.U., Ribeiro, R.V., Cavalini, F.C., Jacomino, A.P. and Trevisan, M.J. (2005). Temperature related changes in respiration and Q10 coefficient of guava. Scientia Agricola., 62 (5):458-463.
- Dashora, L. (2001). Influence of pre and post-harvest application of plant growth regulators on the physicochemical changes and shelf-life of guava fruits (Psidium guajava L.) cv. LUCKNOW-49. Ph.D. Thesis, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, RAJASTHAN (INDIA).
- Desai, B.B., Sangale, P.B. and Despande, P.B. (1984). Hormonal regulation of hydrolytic and oxidative enzymes during ripening of three cultivars of banana. J. Maharastra Agric. Univ., 9 (1):24-26.
- Dhillon, K.S., Singh, S.N. and Gill, S.S. (1987).Developmental physiology of guava I. Physical characters. Punjab Hort. J., 27:28-33.
- Dhoot, L.R., Desai, U.T. and Rane, D.A. (1984). Studies on the shelf-life of guava fruits with polythene packaging and chemical treatments. J. Maharastra Agric. Univ., 9 (21):185-188.
- Elgar, H.J., Watkins, C.B. and Lalu, N. (1999). Harvest date and crop load effects on a carbon dioxide related storage injury of Braeburn apple. Hort Sci., 34 (20):305-309.
- Gautam, B., Sarkar, S.K. and Reddy, Y.N. (2003). Effect on post harvest treatments on shelf-life and quality of Banganapalli mango. Indian J. Hort., 60 (2):135-139.
- Gautam, S.K. and Chundawat, B.S. (1989). Post harvest changes in sapota cv. KALIPATTI. Effect of various post harvest treatments on biochemical changes. Indian J. Hort., 46:310-315.
- Gonge, A.P., Patel, N.L., Ahlawat, T.R. and Patil, S.J. (2014). Influence of harvesting maturity and low temperature storage on shelf-life and physico-chemical quality of banana cv. GRAND NAINE. Indian J. Hort., 71 (3):441-445.
- Gouthami, N. (2004). Studies on browning and discoloration of arils of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Ph.D. Thesis, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, A.P. (INDIA).
- Hansen, E. (1966). Postharvest physiology of fruit. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol., 17:459-480.
- Hiwale, S.S. and Singh, S.P. (2003). Prolonging shelf-life of guava (Psidium guajava L.). Indian J. Hort., 60 (1):1-9.
- Jagadeesh, S.L. and Rokhade, A.K. (1998). Effect of post harvest treatments on keeping quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruits cv. SARDAR-1. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 11 (4):1003 - 1008.
- Jain, N., Dhawan, K., Malhotra, S.P., Siddiqui, S. and Singh, R. (2001). Compositional and enzymatic changes in guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruits during ripening. Acta Physiol. Plant., 23 (3):357-362.
- Jain, S.K. and Mukherjee, S. (2011).Enhancing keeping quality of fruits in mango cv. Langra. Indian J. Hort., 68 (1):142-144.
- Jayachandran, K.S. (2000). Studies on effect of pre and postharvest treatments with growth regulators, chemicals and storage temperatures on shelf-life of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. LUCKNOW-49 fruits. M.Sc. Thesis, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, A.P. (INDIA).
- Jayachandran, K.S., Srihari, D. and Reddy, Y.N. (2007). Postharvest application of selected antioxidants to improve the shelf-life of guava fruit. Acta Hort., 735:627-632.
- Johnston, J.W., Hewett, E.W., Hertog, M.L.A.T.M. and Harker, P.R. (2002). Harvest date and fruit size affect postharvest softening of apple fruit. J. Hort. Sci. Biotech., 77 (3):355-360.
- Kader, A.A. (1999). Guava-produce facts. In: Perishables Handling. Quarterly, University of California, Davis. pp.19-20.
- Kalra, S.K. and Tandon, D.K. (1983). Ripening behaviour of ’Dashehari’ mango in relation to harvest period. Scientia Hort., 19:263-269.
- Killadi, B., Singh, M.D., Singh, B.P. and Singh, R.A. (2007). Shelf-life evaluation of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cultivars. Acta Hort., 735:603-607.
- Krishnamurthy, S. and Subramanyam, H. (1970). Respiratory climacteric and chemical changes in the mango fruit (Mangifera indica L.). J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 95(3):333-337.
- Kudachikar, V.B., Kulkarni, S.G., Prakash, K.M.N., Vasantha, M.S., Prasad, A.B. and Ramana, K.V.R. (2001).Physicochemical changes during maturity of mango variety Neelum. J. Food Sci. Technol., 38:540-545.
- Lalel, H.J.D., Singh, Z. and Tan, S.C. (2003). Maturity stage at harvest affects fruit ripening, quality and biosynthesis of aroma volatile compounds in ‘Kensington Pride’ mango. J. Hort. Sci. Biotech., 78 (2):225-233.
- Lieberman, M., Baker, J.E. and Sloger, M. (1977). Influence of plant hormones on ethylene production in apple, tomato and avocado slices during maturation and senescence. Plant Physiol., 60:214-217.
- MacRae, E.A., Lallu, N., Searle, A.N. and Bowen, J.H. (1989). Changes in the softening and composition of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) affected by maturity at postharvest treatments. J. Sci. Food Agric., 49:413-430.
- Mapson, L.W. (1970). Vitamins in fruits. pp.376-377. In: Biochemistry of fruits and their products, chapter XII, Vol. I, Hulme AC (Ed.). Academic Press, London, UNITED KINGDOM.
- Mattoo, A.K., Murata, T., Pantastico, E.B., Chachin, K., Ogata, K. and Phan, C.T. (1975). Chemical changes during ripening and senescence. In: Post harvest physiology, handling and utilization of tropical and subtropical fruits and vegetables. Pantastico EB (Ed.) AVI Westport. pp.103-127.
- McGuire, R.G. (1992). Reporting of objective colour measurements. Hort Sci., 27:1254-1255.
- Meena, R.R., Mukerjee, S.K. and Singh, D. (2008). Effect of pre and post-harvest applications of plant growth regulators and chemicals on the acidity and sugar changes in guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. LUCKNOW-49.Environ. Ecol., 26 (4B):2140-2144.
- Medlicott, A.P., Sigrist, J.M.M. and Sy, O. (1990).Ripening of mangoes following low temperature storage. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 115 (3):430-434.
- Mercado-Silva, E., Benito-Bautista, P. and Garcia-Velasco, M.A. (1998). Fruit development, harvest index and ripening changes of guavas produced in central Mexico. Postharvest Biol. Technol., 13:143-150.
- Mitra, S.K., Devi, H.L., Chakraborty, I. and Pathak, P.K. (2012). Recent development in post harvest physiology and storage of guava. Acta Hort., 959:89-95.
- Mitra, S.K.,Gurung, M.R. and Pathak, P.K. (2008). Guava production and improvement in India: An overview. Acta Hort., 787:59-65.
- Mondal, K., Malhotra, S.P., Jain, V. and Singh, R. (2009).Partial purification and characterization of pectin methylesterase from ripening guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruits. Acta Physiol. Plant., 31:81-87.
- Mondal, K., Singh, A.P., Saxena, N., Malhotra, S.P. and Dhawan, K. (2008). Possible interactions of polyamines and ethylene during ripening of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruits. J. Food Biochem., 32:46-59.
- Narayana, C.K. and Mustaffa, M.M. (2007). Influence of maturity on shelf-life and quality changes in Banana during storage under ambient conditions. Indian J. Hort., 64 (1):12-16.
- Pal, D.K. and Selvaraj,Y. (1979). Changes in pectin and pectin esterase activity in developing guava fruits. J. Food Sci. Technol., 16:115-116.
- Pandey, S.K., Joshua, J.E., Bisen and Abhay (2010). Influence of gamma irradiation growth retardants and coatings on the shelf-life of winter guava fruits (Psidium guajava L.). J. Food Sci. Technol., 47 (1):124-127.
- Panse, V.G. and Sukhatme, P.V. (1985). Statistical methods for agricultural workers. Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR), NEW DELHI, INDIA.
- Pantastico, E.R., Chatopadhyay, T.K. and Subramanayam, H. (1975). Storage and commercial storage operations. In: Post harvest physiology, handling and utilization of tropical and subtropical fruits and vegetables. Pantastico EB (Ed.) AVI Westport. pp.314-338.
- Patel, A.B., Patel, B.I. and Katrodia, J.S. (1993). Extension of storage life of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruits. Indian Food Packer, 36 (1):5-10.
- Patel, R.K., Maiti, C.S., Deka, B.C., Deshmukh, N.A., Verma, V.K. and Nath, A. (2015). Physical and biochemical changes in guava (Psidium guajava L.) during various stages of fruit growth and development. Internat. J. Agric. Environ. Biotech., 8 (1):75-82.
- Paull, R.E. and Goo, T. (1983). Relationship of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit detachment force to the stage of fruit development and chemical composition. Hort Sci., 18 (1):65-67.
- Pila, N., Gol, N.B. and Rao, T.V.R. (2010). Effect of post harvest treatment on physicochemical characteristics and shelflife of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) fruits during storage. American-Eurasian J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 9 (5):470-479.
- Pool, R.M., Weaver, R.J. and Klliewer, W.M. (1972). The effect of growth regulators on changes in fruits Thomson seedless during cold storage. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci., 97:67-70.
- Pradeep, V., Mahendran, R. and Alagusundaram, K. (2014). Classification of guava based on colour using computer vision system. Trends Biosciences, 7(16):2168-2174.
- Rajput, C.B.S., Singh, S.P. and Ram, B.P. (1992). Effect of gibberellic acid, ferrous sulphate and ascorbic acid on the shelf-life on guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruits cv. ALLAHABAD SAFEDA. Prog. Hort., 24 (3-4):128-134.
- Ramchandra (1995). Biochemical changes during maturity and storage in guava fruits. Indian J. Hill Farm., 8 (1):116-21.
- Randhawa, J.S., Dhillon, B.S., Bal, J.S. and Bhullar, J.S. (1987). Studies on the pectin methylesterase activity during cold storage of ‘Patharnakh’ pear. J. Food Sci. Tech., 24:71-73.
- Ranganna, S. (1986). Handbook of analysis and quality control for fruit and vegetable products. IInd Ed., Tata Mac Graw Hill Publication Co. Ltd., NEW DELHI, INDIA.
- Roy, A. (2006). Effect of post harvest treatments on shelf-life and quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. L-49. M.Sc. Thesis, Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, A.P. (INDIA).
- Sacher, J.A. (1973). Senescence and Post-harvest physiology. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol., 24:197-224.
- Sadasivam, S. and Manickam, A. (1992).Biochemical methods. New Age International Publishers, NEW DELHI, INDIA.
- Saha, A.K. (1971). Effect of post harvest treatment with growth regulators on the ripening and chemical composition of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruits. Indian J. Hort., 28:1115.
- Sakhale, B.K., Pawar, V.N. and Kapse, B.M. (2009). Studies on the extension of shelf-life of ‘Kesar’ Mango (Mangifera indica L.). Acta Hort., 820:643-651.
- Saxena, M. and Gandhi, C.P. (2014). Indian Horticulture Database 2014, National Horticulture Board (NHB), Gurgaon. Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Govt. of India. pp.76-83.
- Selvaraj, Y., Pal, D.K., Raja, M.E. and Rawal, R.D. (1998). Biochemistry of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit ripening: Changes in respiration rate, ethylene production and enzyme activity. Indian J. Hort., 35 (1):1-9.
- Soares, F.D., Pereira, T., Marques, M.O.M. and Monteiro, A.R. (2007). Volatile and non-volatile chemical composition of the white guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) at different stages of maturity. Food Chem., 100:15-21.
- Paull, R.E. and Chen, C.C. (2002). Guava postharvest technology research and information centre. http:// postharvest. ucdavis.edu/Produce/ProduceFacts/ Fruitguava _graphics.shtml.
- Effect of Harvesting at Different Nodes on Growth and Flower Yield of Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus Linn) in Second Season Crop
Abstract Views :296 |
PDF Views:0
Authors
Affiliations
1 Dr.Y.S.R. Horticultural University, V.R. Gudem, West Godavari (Telangana), IN
2 College of Horticulture, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (Telangana), IN
1 Dr.Y.S.R. Horticultural University, V.R. Gudem, West Godavari (Telangana), IN
2 College of Horticulture, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad (Telangana), IN
Source
The Asian Journal of Horticulture, Vol 11, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 1-6Abstract
The present study was under taken in a commercial floriculture farm under protected cultivation with three cultivars of carnation during July 2010 to February 2011. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with factorial concept. Harvesting of carnation flower stalk at 3rd node from the ground level recorded minimum number of days to sprouting of buds than other harvesting nodes i.e., 2nd, 4th and 5th nodes. Days to first flower bud appearance, colour break stage and days to harvest was also minimum with harvesting at 3rd node in cultivars Domingo, Dover and Keiro. And the length of lateral, length of flower stalk and flower, diameter of flower stalk and flower, number of flower stalks per plant, fresh flower weight and vase life was maximum with harvesting at 3rd node than other harvesting heights in cultivar Domingo.Keywords
Carnation, Harvesting of Flower Stalk, Heights, Cultivars.References
- Arora, J.S. and Khanna, K. (1986). Effect of nitrogen and pinching on growth and flower production of marigold cv. AFRICAN GAINT DOUBLE ORANGE. Indian J. Hort., 43 (1-2): 291-29.
- Barman, D., Ghosh, S. and Pal, P. (1993). Effect of planting date and pinching height on flowering of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat) cv. CHANDRAMA. Hort. J., 6 (2): 121-124.
- Beniwal, B.S., Ahlawat, U., Rakesh, P. and Dahiya, S.S. (2005). Effect of spacing and pinching on flower production of chrysanthemum cv. FLIRT. Haryana J. Hort. Sci., 34 (1/2): 97-98.
- Bhattacharjee, S.K. (1993). Studies on the effect of gibberellic acid on growth, flowering, flower quality and post harvest life of Rosa hybrid cv. RAKTAGANDHA. Indian Rose Annual, 11: 77-83.
- Borrelli, A. (1988). The effect of the method of pruning on the productivity of rose cultivar grown under glass. Rivista della orto florfrutticultura, Italiana, 65 (2): 109-117.
- Bunt, A.C. (1980). Cropping of carnation as affected by date of planting and by removing apical bud. J. Hort. Sci., 54 (3): 235-242.
- Cline, M. (1997). Concepts and terminology of apical dominance. American J. Bot., 84(8): 1064 – 1069.
- Dubois, L.A.M. and Devries, D.P. (1994). The effect of pinching on the growth and development of Rosa chinensis minima (Sims) Voss cultivars.Gartenbauwissenschaft, 59 (1): 18-20.
- Grawal, H.S., Ramesh Kumar and Singh, Harmeet (2004). Effect of nitrogen, planting time and pinching on flower production in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Ramat.) cv. FLIRT. J. Ornam. Hort. New Series, 7 (2): 196-199.
- Groshkov, I. and Angelov, A. (1981).Grandinarska I Lozarska. Nauka, 18 : 74-80.
- Imamura, H. and Suto, K. (2001).Method of forcing carnations to bloom to meet special market demand. Japan Agric. Res. Quarterly, 35(1) : 47-52.
- Jadhav, Y.B., Patil, M.T., Gaikwad, A.M. and Patil, J.J. (2003). Influence of different pruning levels on growth and flowering of roses under greenhouse. J. Maharashtra Agri. Univ., 28 (3): 313-314.
- Laxmi Prasanna, Dilip Babu, J., Chandra Sekhar, R. and Amarender Reddy, S. (2001). Studies on the effect of different levels of pruning and plant growth regulators on growth, yield and quality parameters of rose (Rosa indica L.). cv. GLADIATOR. M.Sc. (Hort.) Thesis, Achraya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, A.P. (INDIA).
- Malhotra, R. and Kumar, R. (2000). Effect of pruning height, shading and polythene covering on growth and flower production of rose cv. RAKTAGANDHA. J. Ornam. Hort. New Series, 3 (2): 94-99.
- Mukherjee, D. (1996). Greenhouse cultivation of carnation. Floriculture Today, 1: 46-48.
- Mukhopadhyay, A., Sujatha, K. and Singh, K.P. (1987). Note on the influence of different levels of pruning on growth and flowering of roses cv. HAPPINESS. Indian J. Hort., 44: 102-103.
- Nanjan, K. and Muthuswamy, S. (1976). A note on the effect of pinching on Edward rose (Rosa bourboniana Besp.). S. Indian J. Hort., 22 (1-2): 37-40.
- Narayana Gowda, J.V. and Jayanthi, R. (1991). Effect of cycocel and maleic hydrazide on growth and flowering of African marigold (Tagetes erecta). Prog. Hort., 23 (1-4): 114-118.
- Rao, U.M.K., Chandra Sekhar, R., Dilip Babu, J. and Raj Kumar, M. (2008). Effect of pinching at different levels on growth and flowering of three cultivars of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus Linn.). M.Sc. (Hort.) Thesis, Achraya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad, A.P. (INDIA).
- Sawwan, J. and Samawi, M. (2000). Effect of pinching in plastic grown spray type carnation yield and yield distribution. Dirasat Agric. Sci., 27(1) : 106-111.
- Singh, M.K. and Baboo, R. (2003). Response of nitrogen, potassium and pinching levels on growth and flowering in chrysanthemum cv. JAYANTHI. J. Orna. Hort., 6(4) : 390-393.
- Srivastava, S.K., Singh, H.K. and Srivastava, A.K. (2002). Effect of spacing and pinching on growth and flowering of ‘Pusa Narangi Gainda’ marigold (Tagetes erecta). Indian J. Agric. Sci., 72 (10): 611-612.
- Staby, G.L., Robertson, J.L., Kiplinger D.C. and Conover, C.A. (1978). Chain of life, Ohio Florists Associations, Ohio State University, Columbus.
- Ubukata,M. (1999). Evaluation of one half pinch method of spray carnation cultivation in Hokkaido. Bull. Hokkaido Prefectural Agric. Exp. Stations, 77 : 39-43.
- Uma, S. and Gowda, J.V.N. (1987). Studies on the effect of pruning, nutrients and their interaction on growth and flowering of rose cv. SUPERSTAR. Mysore J. Agric. Sci., 21 (4): 455-460.
- Wainwright, H. and Irwin, H.L. (1987). The effects of paclobutrazol and pinching on antirrhinum flowering pot plants. J. Hort. Sci., 62 (3): 401-404.
- Zieslin, N. and Halvely, A.M. (1976). Effect of environmental factors on gibberellins activity and ethylene production in flowering and non flowering shoots. Physiologia Plantarum, 47 (4): 331-335.